Laboklin - Labor für Klinische Diagnostik

Infectious Diseases /Serology

Parameter Material Method Species Duration Remarks
„Cat flu“
see under: FCV
FHV - vaccination - and infectious titers
may be distinguished by paired
serum samples only.
Acetylcholin-Receptor antibody    S IFAT dog 1 - Myasthenia gravis
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
S
IFAT
dog
1 - testing for autoimmune disease
(i.e. Lupus erythematosus).
APP (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae), antigen detection
tissue (lung, tonsils), dry swab (nose)
PCR
pig
2-3 - pathogen of hemorragic
pleuropneumonia of the pig
APP (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae), antibody    S ELISA pig 2-5
APV (avian Polyo-mavirus) See under: „Polyomavi-rus“
Aspergillus sp., antibody S, EP ELISA
dog,
cat,
horse, cattle 1 - culturing of Aspergillus may be
difficult due to location of infection
(air sac, conchae).
- antibody detection can be helpful
for diagnosis.
Babesia, antigen detection (microscopical)    EB, blood smear mikroscopical antigen detection
dog,
cat,
horse, cattle 1 - blood smear from capillary blood
(ear tip). The detection from
capillary blood is significantly
more sensitive!
Borrelia, antibodies(IgM and IgG)   S, HP ELISA (dog) resp. IFAT)
dog,
cat,
horse 1 - positive antibody titers appear
4-6 weeks after tick exposure.

- the separation into IgM and IgG
aids in distinguishing a recent
infection from an older contact
with borrelia.
Borrelia blot      S, HP Western blot (antibody detection) dog 1-3 - for confirmation of questionable
antibody titers
Brachyspira, antigen detection        faeces PCR pig 2
- destinction of pathogen and
apathogen strains is possible.
Brucella canis, antibody detection
S, EP IFAT dog   1
Chlamydia mucosal swab ELISA
dog,
cat,
horse, cattle   2 - special transport media is needed!
(Chlamydia swab)
Chlamydia, antigen detection    dry swab (no transport media) PCR cat 2 - Chlamydophila felis, differential
diagnosis for feline conjunctivitis
- Chlamydia antigen is cell
associated.
- for PCR - use swab without
transport media!
Chlamydia, antigen detection(pig)       tissue (lung, in-testinal tissue), cervical swab for affections of reproductive organs PCR pig - detection of Chlamydia suis,
Chlamydophila abortus and
Chlamydophila pecorum
Chlamydia, antibody detection    S, HP IFAT
dog,
cat,
horse,
(cattle)
1 - the serological test can determine
a recent or present infection.
- shedding can be varified via antigen
  detection only.
Chlamydophila psittaci, antigen detection     faeces, cloacal swab PCR bird 2 - Ch. psittaci is the agent of a
zoonotic disease
- differentiation of Ch. pneumoniae
and Ch. trachomatis is possible.
Circovirus, porcine   see under: „PCV-II“
Coombs test (direct)   EB Agglutination,
flow cytometry dog, cat, horse 1 - tests for autoimmune hemolytic
anemias.
- positive reactions can occur
during most infections with blood
parasites.
Coombs test (indirect) 1 day S, EP   dog,
cat, horse 1 - for diagnosis of autoimmune
disease
Coronavirus, canine
(CCoV)    faeces PCR dog,
cat 3 - infectious agent of diarrhoea,
detection in faeces approx. 3-14 day
p.i. possible,
faeces sample should at least be
pea-sized
Coronavirus, feline
(FCoV) see under: „feline Co-ronavirus“
Dirofilaria S, EP Immunoassay (antigen detection) dog,
cat 1 - antigen detection of adult female
parasites in the blood
- earliest positive reaction
24 weeks p.i.
- therapy control following treatment
with adulticide after 4-5 months.
- detection of microfilaria: minimum
3 ml EDTA-blood for KNOTT-test
Distemper, canine, antigen     swab without transport media IFAT dog 1

Distemper, canine, antigen detection   EB, S, swab, liquor PCR dog, ferret 2
- PCR allows for a definite
diagnosis during the acute
stage of infection
- detection in blood is possible
during viremia, vaccination virus
detectable in blood for 2-3 weeks.
- when neurological symptoms are
present detection from liquor is
recommended.
Ehrlichia canis,
Anaplasma phagocytophilum   EB, tick PCR dog,
cat, horse 2
transmitted by ticks
regionally variable Ehrlichia spp.
infection with Ehrlichia canis is considered a typical travel-related disease
Ehrlichia (E.canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum), antibody      S, EP IFAT dog,
cat, horse 1
mikroscopical detection is not always possible
species specific antibody detection should be favoured
positive titers are to be expected 7 days p.i. (E. phagozytophila und E.equi have be renamed
A. phagocytophilum)
Electrophoresis S, HP Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane   dog,
cat, horse, cattle   1
used to differentiate the serum protein fractions.
Enzephalitozoon cuniculi, antibody      S,EP IFAT rabbit 1 positive titers are to be expected 14 days p.i., subclinical infections are possible.
Pneumonia of pigs   see under: „Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae“
Equine Virus-Arteriitis, antibody*   S NT horse 7
Feline Panleukopenia see under: „Parvovirus, feline“
Feline Calicivirus
(FCV)    swab
(eye, nose)
EB PCR cat 2
causes conjunctivitis, rhinitis, stomatitis
alternative: antibody detection
Feline Calicivirus
(FCV) antibody     EB, HB, S IFAT cat 1
vaccination - and infectious titers may be distinguished by paired serum samples only
Feline Coronavirus (feline infectious peritonitis = FIP),antibody
ascites, S, HP, EB IFAT cat 1
Corona titer levels alone are not predictive of FIP.
Clinical symptoms as well as additional parameters (albu-mine/globuline-ratio, electrophoresis ) must be taken into consideration
Feline Herpesvirus
(FHV-1)   swab (eye, nose)
EB PCR cat 2
Diagnostics of conjunctivitis as part of the herpes- or calicivirus infection.
Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1) antibody      S,EB,HP IFAT cat
- vaccination - and infectious titers may be distinguished by paired serum samples only.
Feline immuno-deficiency
Virus (FIV)     S, EP, HP ELISA cat 1
a positive antibody titer is indicative of a FIV infection.
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)    S, EP, HP ELISA   cat 1
to distinguish transient from persisting infections a positive test result should be verified after 4-6 weeks. The antigen used for vaccination differs from the antigen used for testing, cross reactions do not occur.
FSME, antigen detection     tick, serum, liquor PCR dog 2
detection in serum, liquor possible before seroconversion
FSME, antibody   S, HP ELISA dog,
cat, horse 3
Haemobartonella, antigen detection     EB PCR cat,
dog 2
the PCR is notedly more sensitive than detection in blood smear
Helicobacter, antibody   S IFAT dog,
cat 1
as opposed to the antigen detection in faeces only Helicobacter pylori is tested
Hepatitis contagiosa canis (HCC), (Adenovirus, antibody) S IFAT dog 1 - in connection with fetal death in late pregnancy and puppy mortality this test can be indicative of a recent infection.
Herpesviruses, equine:
EHV-1 and -4, antigen detection     EB, swabs (nose, genital)
abort tissue) PCR horse 2
the PCR allows for a definite diagnosis of miscarriages and respiratory diseases as well as a differentiation of EHV-1 and -4.
Herpesviruses, equine:
EHV-1 and -4, antibody     S ELISA horse 1-3
the differentiation of EHV-1 and EHV-4 is possible. Vaccination- and infectious titers can be distinguished by paired serum samples only.
Herpesvirus,: canine antigen detection        swab, EB, S, tissue PCR dog 2
Herpesvirus, canine antibody    EB, S IFAT dog 1
Vaccination- and infectious titers can be distinguished by paired serum samples only.
in connection with fetal death in late pregnancy and puppy mortality this test can be indicative of a recent infection.
Infectious amenia
(EIA) S Coggins horse
antibody detection for sero negativity
Infectious Arteriitis see under: „Equine Vi-rusarteriitis“
Influenza, antibody*      S HIT horse 1
Lawsonia intracellularis, antigen detection       faeces PCR pig 2
causes porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE)
demonstration of the organism in live pigs possible only by PCR!
Leishmania, antibody      S IFAT dog 1
positive antibody titers approx. 2-3 weeks p.i.
Leishmania, antigen detection       bone marrow aspiration, lymph node aspiration, punch biopsy   PCR dog 2 - the PCR is considerably more
sensitive than the microscopic
detection.
- the PCR can monitor the success
of the treatment
- testing of a blood sample can
produce false negative results
Leptospira, antibody   S Mikroagglution
dog,
horse,
cattle,
pig 1 the differentiation of vaccination- and infectious titers generally is possible for the dog, since the majority of infections occur with those serovars not included in most vaccines.
Listeria, antibody    S, EP IFAT dog,
cat,
horse,
cattle,
sheep 1
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, antobody     S ELISA pig 1-5
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, antigen detection     tissue (lung),
BAL PCR pig 2 - primary infectious agent of enzootic
porcine pneumonia (EPP, PIA)
EPP is one of the most significant
respiratory infectious diseases
Neospora caninum, antibody      S IFAT dog 1 clinical symptoms resemble those of toxoplasmosis.
Pacheco, antibody*    S NT birds (parrots) 7-14
Parainfluenza, antibody         S IFAT dog 1 - vaccination - and infectious titers
may be distinguished by paired
serum samples only.
Parvovirus, antigen-detection    Faeces EIA dog,
cat 1 - faeces sample must be at least
pea sized

- may be positive 5-12 days post
   vaccination!
Parvovirus, antibody S IFAT (antibody detection)   dog,
cat 1 - seroconversion occurs 4-7 days p.i., vaccination - and infectious titers may be distinguished by paired serum samples only
Parvovirus, canine, antigen detection       faeces, blood PCR dog 2 - detection in blood sample approx.
   1-5 days p.i. possible
Parvovirus, feline (Panleukopenia), antigen detection    blood, liquor, faeces PCR cat 2 - in the early stages of the infection
the PCR from blood is more
   sensitive than from faeces.
- detection in blood approx. 2-7 days
   p.i. possible.
Parvovirus, porcine (PPV), antigen detection   tissue (lung, liver), aborted fetuses PCR pig 2 - SMEDI
PBFD (Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease)   Puquill containing pulpa, EB (1-2 drops) PCR bird 2-3 - reliable identification of antigen
   positive asymptomatic psittacidae
PCV II (porcine Circovirus Typ II), antigen detection     organs (lung, liver, kidney) lymphatic tissue, pankreas PCR pig 2-3 - cause of „post weaning
   multisystemic wasting
   syndrom“ (PMWS) - detection of
   PCV II in the tissue of sick piglets
Polyomavirus (avian Polyomavirus, (APV), antigen detection   quill containing pulpa, EB (1-2 drops) PCR bird 2-3 - symptoms: septicemia and
   hepatitis
- distinctive diagnostic by means of
   PCR
PRRS (Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome), antibody   S, EB ELISA pig 1-5 - antibody detection of European and
   North American strains of PRRSV
- no differentiation
PRRSV (Porcine Re-spiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus), antigen detection   organs(lung, liver, kidney);
serum, EB PCR pig 2-3 - PCR allows for distinctive
diagnostic and differentiation of
European and US strains
Rheumoid-factors (Waaler-Rose-test)   S Hemagglutina-tion test dog, cat 1 - used for the diagnostics of
   rheumatoid arthritis and lameness.
- test should be performed during an
   acute phase of lameness.
   Asymptomatic intervalls may turn
   out negative test results.
Rotaviruses, antigen detection      faeces ELISA horse, cattle 2 - faeces sample must be at least
pea sized
Salmonella, antigen detection    faeces PCR pig, dog
Salmonella, antibody   S, EP Microaggluti-nation test dog,
cat, horse, cattle 2 - the direct detection by means of
   culturing Salmonella from faeces
   must be preferred over the indirect
   detection.
- the antibody detection test is
   required when exporting horses.
Sarcoptes, antibody      S ELISA dog 1 detection of a sarcoptes infection (not earlier than 2 weeks p.i.).
Staphylococcus-antibody    S dog,
cat 1 - detection of a sensibilisation to
   staphylococci as a cause of
   pyodermia.
Toxoplasmosis, antibody   S IFAT dog,
cat, horse 1
cat:
- seroconversion takes place
   towards the end of the elimination
   stage.

- differentiation of recent and older
   infections is possible by parallel
   determination of IgM- and
   IgG-titers.
Trypanosoma, antibody*    S KBR horse 7 - Dourine
Yersinia, antibody   S W dog,
cat, horse, cattle 1-3 - detection of antibodies to Yersinia
enterocolitica and
Y. pseudotuberculosis.
- culture: q.v. „faecal screens“